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Doctors in New York City have transplanted a pig's organ into a brain-dead man and watched as it performed normally for over a month.
紐約市的醫生將一只豬的器官移植到一個腦死亡的人體內，觀察了一個多月后，發現它正常運轉。
Brain death is a state in which a person's brain no longer carries out even its most basic activities for life.
腦死亡是一種狀態，在這種狀態下，人的大腦甚至不再進行最基本的生命活動。
The pig kidney transplant is a step toward realizing the hopes of the New York team to try the operation on living patients.
豬腎移植是朝著實現紐約團隊希望在活著的患者身上嘗試手術的方向邁出的一步。
Scientists around the country want to learn how to use animal organs to save human lives.
全國各地的科學家都想學習如何利用動物器官來拯救人類的生命。
Doctors believe bodies donated for research will help them develop the operation for patients.
醫生們相信，捐贈用于研究的遺體將會有助于他們為患者開展手術。
The latest experiment was announced Wednesday by New York University Langone Health.
紐約大學朗格尼醫學中心周三宣布了這項最新實驗。
It marks the longest time that a pig kidney has worked in a living or dead person.
這是豬腎在活人或死人體內運轉時間最長的一次。
And the experiment is not over.
實驗還沒有結束。
Researchers will follow the kidney's performance for a second month.
研究人員將會對腎臟的運轉情況進行第二個月的跟蹤觀察。
"Is this organ really going to work like a human organ? So far, it's looking like it is," Dr. Robert Montgomery told The Associated Press.
羅伯特·蒙哥馬利博士告訴美聯社：“這個器官真的能像人體器官一樣運轉嗎？到目前為止，看起來是這樣的?！?/p>
He is the director of NYU Langone's transplant institute.
他是紐約大學朗格尼移植研究所的主任。
"It looks even better than a human kidney," Montgomery said on July 14.
蒙哥馬利在7月14日說：“它看起來比人類的腎臟還要好?！?/p>
On that day, he replaced a dead man's own kidneys with a single kidney from a genetically engineered pig.
在那一天，他用一頭基因被改造過的豬的腎臟替換了一名死人的腎臟。
He watched the replaced pig kidney immediately start producing urine.
他看到替換后的豬腎立即開始產生尿液。
The possibility that pig kidneys might one day reduce the shortage of transplantable organs persuaded the family of Maurice "Mo" Miller to donate his body.
考慮到豬腎有可能會減少可移植器官的短缺問題，莫里斯·莫·米勒的家人決定捐贈他的遺體。
He had died suddenly at 57 with a formerly undiagnosed brain cancer, which did not permit for usual organ donation.
他突然去世，享年57歲，患有一種以前未被診斷出的腦癌，這種癌癥不允許他進行正常的器官捐贈。
"I struggled with it," his sister, Mary Miller-Duffy, told the AP about her decision.
他的妹妹瑪麗·米勒-達菲在接受美聯社采訪時談到了她的決定，她說：“我為此而苦苦掙扎?！?/p>
But he liked helping others and "I think this is what my brother would want. So, I offered my brother to them."
但他喜歡助人為樂，“我想這就是我哥哥想要的。所以，我主動把我哥哥交給了他們?！?/p>
"He's going to be in the medical books, and he will live on forever," she added.
她補充道：“他將會出現在醫學書籍中，他將會永遠活著”。
Attempts at successfully performing animal-to-human transplants, or xenotransplantation, have failed for many years.
多年來，成功將動物器官移植到人類體內（即異種移植）的嘗試都失敗了。
Often, the human immune system attacks the foreign tissue.
通常，人體免疫系統會攻擊外來組織。
Now researchers are using pigs genetically engineered so their organs are a better fit for human bodies.
目前，研究人員正在使用經過基因改造的豬，使它們的器官更適合人體。
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering approval of some small but detailed studies of pig heart or kidney transplants in volunteer patients.
美國食品藥品監督管理局正在考慮批準在志愿者患者身上進行豬心臟或腎移植的一些小型但詳細的研究。
More than 100,000 patients are on the United States' transplant list.
美國的移植名單上有超過10萬名患者。
The University of Maryland's Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin warns that it is not clear if a dead body reacts the same way as a live body to a pig organ.
馬里蘭大學的穆罕默德·莫希丁警告稱，目前尚不清楚死尸對豬器官的反應是否與活體相同。
But he said the research educates the public about xenotransplantation, so "people will not be shocked."
但他說，這項研究讓公眾了解了有關異種器官移植的知識，所以“人們不會感到震驚?！?/p>
Before this most recent experiment, NYU and a team from the University of Alabama at Birmingham tested a pig kidney transplant in a dead body for just two or three days.
在這項最近的實驗之前，紐約大學和阿拉巴馬大學伯明翰分校的一個研究小組只用了兩三天的時間在一具死尸上進行了豬腎臟移植的測試。
An NYU team has also tested transplanted pig hearts on donated bodies for three days of intense testing.
紐約大學的一個研究小組也在捐贈的遺體上對移植的豬心臟進行了為期三天的密集測試。
But how long should these experiments last?
但這些實驗應該持續多久呢？
University of Alabama's Dr. Jayme Locke said that it is not clear.
阿拉巴馬大學的杰米·洛克博士說，目前還不清楚。
Among the moral questions is how long a family can emotionally deal with it.
道德問題之一是，一個家庭在情感上能承受多久。
Because keeping a body alive after the brain has died is difficult.
因為在大腦死亡后，讓身體活著是很困難的。
In her own experiment, the donated body was stable enough that if the study wasn't required to end after a week, "I think we could have gone much longer, which I think offers great hope," she said.
她說，在她自己的實驗中，捐贈的遺體足夠穩定，如果研究不要求在一周后結束，“我認為我們可以持續的時間更長，我認為這給了我們很大的希望?！?/p>
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫爾為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
